✨ Vue2 中的 ref 引用机制详解
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<template>
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<School />
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<Student />
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</template>
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<script>
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import School from "./compontens/School.vue";
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import Student from "./compontens/Student.vue";
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export default {
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name: "App",
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data() {
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return {};
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},
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compontens: {
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School,
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Student,
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},
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};
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</script>
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<template>
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<h2>学校。。。</h2>
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</template>
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<template>
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<h2>学生</h2>
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</template>
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="UTF-8" />
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
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<title>单文件内容</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<div id="app"></div>
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</body>
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<script type="module" src="../../js/vue@2.7.16.js"></script>
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<script type="module" src="./main.js"></script>
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</html>
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import App from "./App.vue";
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new Vue({
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el: "#app",
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template: "<App></App>",
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compontens: {
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App,
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},
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});
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.DS_Store
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node_modules
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/dist
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# local env files
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.env.local
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.env.*.local
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# Log files
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npm-debug.log*
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yarn-debug.log*
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yarn-error.log*
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pnpm-debug.log*
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# Editor directories and files
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.idea
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.vscode
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*.suo
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*.ntvs*
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*.njsproj
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*.sln
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*.sw?
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shamefully-hoist=true
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# demo2
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## Project setup
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```
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pnpm install
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```
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### Compiles and hot-reloads for development
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```
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pnpm run serve
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```
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### Compiles and minifies for production
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```
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pnpm run build
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```
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### Lints and fixes files
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```
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pnpm run lint
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```
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### Customize configuration
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See [Configuration Reference](https://cli.vuejs.org/config/).
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module.exports = {
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presets: [
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'@vue/cli-plugin-babel/preset'
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]
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}
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{
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"compilerOptions": {
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"target": "es5",
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"module": "esnext",
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"baseUrl": "./",
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"moduleResolution": "node",
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"paths": {
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"@/*": [
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"src/*"
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]
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},
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"lib": [
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"esnext",
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"dom",
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"dom.iterable",
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"scripthost"
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]
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}
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}
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{
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"name": "demo2",
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"version": "0.1.0",
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"private": true,
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"scripts": {
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"serve": "vue-cli-service serve",
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"build": "vue-cli-service build",
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"lint": "vue-cli-service lint"
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},
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"dependencies": {
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"core-js": "^3.8.3",
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"vue": "^2.6.14"
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},
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"devDependencies": {
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"@babel/core": "^7.12.16",
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"@babel/eslint-parser": "^7.12.16",
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"@vue/cli-plugin-babel": "~5.0.0",
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"@vue/cli-plugin-eslint": "~5.0.0",
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"@vue/cli-service": "~5.0.0",
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"eslint": "^7.32.0",
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"eslint-plugin-vue": "^8.0.3",
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"vue-template-compiler": "^2.6.14"
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},
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"eslintConfig": {
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"root": true,
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"env": {
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"node": true
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},
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"extends": [
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"plugin:vue/essential",
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"eslint:recommended"
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],
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"parserOptions": {
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"parser": "@babel/eslint-parser"
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},
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"rules": {}
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},
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"browserslist": [
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"> 1%",
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"last 2 versions",
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"not dead"
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],
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"packageManager": "pnpm@10.8.1+sha512.c50088ba998c67b8ca8c99df8a5e02fd2ae2e2b29aaf238feaa9e124248d3f48f9fb6db2424949ff901cffbb5e0f0cc1ad6aedb602cd29450751d11c35023677"
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}
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="">
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0">
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<link rel="icon" href="<%= BASE_URL %>favicon.ico">
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<title><%= htmlWebpackPlugin.options.title %></title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<noscript>
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<strong>We're sorry but <%= htmlWebpackPlugin.options.title %> doesn't work properly without JavaScript enabled. Please enable it to continue.</strong>
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</noscript>
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<div id="app"></div>
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<!-- built files will be auto injected -->
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</body>
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</html>
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<template>
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<div id="app">
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<Demo1 />
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</div>
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</template>
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<script>
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import Demo1 from "@/views/demo1/index.vue";
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export default {
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name: "App",
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components: { Demo1 },
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};
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</script>
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import Vue from 'vue'
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import App from './App.vue'
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Vue.config.productionTip = false
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new Vue({
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render: h => h(App),
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})
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.$mount('#app')
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<template>
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<div class="demo">
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<h2>学校名称：{{ name }}</h2>
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<h2>学校地址：{{ address }}</h2>
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</div>
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</template>
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<script>
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export default {
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name: "SchoolInfo",
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data() {
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return {
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name: "Bunny",
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address: "昆山市印象花园",
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};
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},
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};
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</script>
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<template>
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<div id="app">
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<h1 ref="title" v-text="message"></h1>
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<button @click="ShowDom">输出上方DOM元素</button>
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<SchoolInfo ref="schoolInfoRef" />
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</div>
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</template>
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<script>
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import SchoolInfo from "@/views/demo1/components/SchoolInfo.vue";
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export default {
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name: "App",
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components: { SchoolInfo },
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data() {
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return {
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message: "学习Vue2",
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};
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},
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methods: {
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ShowDom() {
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// 获取当前Ref对象内容
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console.log("@@@", this.$refs.title);
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// 获取子组件对象实例
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console.log("@@@", this.$refs.schoolInfoRef);
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},
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},
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};
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</script>
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# Vue2 中的 ref 引用机制详解
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## 一、ref 的基本概念
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`ref` 是 Vue2 提供的一种特殊的属性，用于直接访问 DOM 元素或子组件实例。它比传统的 `document.getElementById` 等方式更适合在 Vue 生态中使用。
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## 二、代码解析
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```html
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<template>
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<div id="app">
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<!-- 绑定到DOM元素 -->
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<h1 ref="title" v-text="message"></h1>
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<button @click="ShowDom">输出上方DOM元素</button>
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<!-- 绑定到子组件 -->
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<SchoolInfo ref="schoolInfoRef" />
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</div>
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</template>
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<script>
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import SchoolInfo from "@/components/SchoolInfo.vue";
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export default {
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name: "App",
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components: { SchoolInfo },
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data() {
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return { message: "学习Vue2" };
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},
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methods: {
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ShowDom() {
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// 访问DOM元素
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console.log(this.$refs.title); // 输出: <h1>学习Vue2</h1>
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// 访问子组件实例
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console.log(this.$refs.schoolInfoRef); // 输出: SchoolInfo组件实例
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}
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}
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};
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</script>
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```
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## 三、ref 的核心特性
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### 1. 绑定目标类型
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| 绑定目标 | 获取内容 | 使用场景 |
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| --------- | ---------------- | ----------------------- |
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| DOM元素 | 原生DOM节点 | 直接操作DOM |
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| 组件 | 组件实例 | 调用子组件方法/访问数据 |
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| v-for元素 | DOM数组/组件数组 | 操作列表元素 |
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### 2. 生命周期时机
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- **创建**：在组件 `mounted` 钩子之后可用
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- **更新**：响应式更新后自动同步
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- **销毁**：组件销毁时自动解除引用
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### 3. 访问方式
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通过组件实例的 `$refs` 对象访问：
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```javascript
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this.$refs.refName
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```
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## 四、最佳实践
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### 1. 命名规范
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- 使用 camelCase 命名（如 `schoolInfoRef`）
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- 避免使用保留字或Vue内置名称
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- 保持命名语义化（如 `formRef`, `tableRef`）
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### 2. 安全访问模式
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```javascript
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methods: {
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submitForm() {
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// 先检查是否存在
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if (this.$refs.formRef) {
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this.$refs.formRef.validate();
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}
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}
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}
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```
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### 3. 动态ref（Vue 2.6+）
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```html
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<div v-for="item in list" :ref="`item_${item.id}`"></div>
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<script>
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methods: {
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getItemRef(id) {
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return this.$refs[`item_${id}`];
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}
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}
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</script>
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```
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## 五、高级用法
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### 1. 组件通信
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```javascript
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// 父组件
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this.$refs.childComp.doSomething();
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// 子组件 SchoolInfo.vue
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export default {
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methods: {
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doSomething() {
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// 子组件暴露的方法
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}
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}
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}
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```
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### 2. 表单验证示例
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```html
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<template>
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<form ref="formRef">
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<input v-model="form.name" required>
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<button @click.prevent="validate">提交</button>
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</form>
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</template>
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<script>
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export default {
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methods: {
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validate() {
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const form = this.$refs.formRef;
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if (form.checkValidity()) {
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// 表单验证通过
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}
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}
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}
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}
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</script>
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```
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### 3. 结合第三方库
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```javascript
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mounted() {
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// 使用ref初始化第三方库
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this.chart = new Chart(this.$refs.chartCanvas, {
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// 配置项
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});
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},
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beforeDestroy() {
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// 清理工作
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this.chart.destroy();
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}
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```
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## 六、注意事项
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1. **响应式限制**：
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- `$refs` 不是响应式的
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- 避免在模板或计算属性中使用
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2. **执行时机**：
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- 在 `mounted` 之前访问会是 `undefined`
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- 更新后需要等待 `$nextTick` 获取最新引用
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3. **过度使用问题**：
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- 优先考虑 props/events 通信
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- 避免形成紧密耦合的组件关系
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4. **与 Vue3 的区别**：
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- Vue3 中 ref 需要从 `vue` 导入
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- 组合式 API 中使用 `ref()` 函数创建响应式引用
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const { defineConfig } = require('@vue/cli-service')
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module.exports = defineConfig({
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transpileDependencies: true
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})
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="UTF-8" />
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
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<title>Document</title>
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</head>
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<body></body>
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</html>
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