📝 生产者端消息确认机制-RabbitMQ配置-备份交换机-文档

2025-05-19 10:55:52 +08:00 · 2025-05-19 10:55:52 +08:00 · cb9cb79904
parent 74b0a31c1e
commit cb9cb79904
8 changed files with 204 additions and 52 deletions
--- a/ReadMe.md
+++ b/ReadMe.md
@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 # 教程和Demo相关

 1. Drools
-2. vue的v-model绑定
+2. vue的v-model绑定
+3. RabbitMQ示例
--- a/mq-demo/ReadMe.md
+++ b/mq-demo/ReadMe.md
@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+# RabbitMQ
+
+## 基本示例
+
+**生产者**
+
+```java
+@SpringBootTest
+class MqDemoApplicationTests {
+
+    @Autowired
+    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
+
+    /**
+     * 1. 测试发送消息，示例代码
+     * 2. 测试成功的情况
+     */
+    @Test
+    void publishTest() {
+        String exchangeDirect = RabbitMQMessageListenerConstants.EXCHANGE_DIRECT;
+        String routingKeyDirect = RabbitMQMessageListenerConstants.ROUTING_KEY_DIRECT;
+        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeDirect, routingKeyDirect, "你好小球球~~~");
+
+        Bunny bunny = Bunny.builder().rabbitName("Bunny").age(2).build();
+        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeDirect, routingKeyDirect, JSON.toJSONString(bunny));
+    }
+
+}
+```
+
+**消费者**
+
+```java
+@Component
+@Slf4j
+public class MessageListenerOrder {
+
+    @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
+            exchange = @Exchange(value = EXCHANGE_DIRECT),
+            value = @Queue(value = QUEUE_NAME, durable = "true"),
+            key = ROUTING_KEY_DIRECT
+    )
+    )
+    public void processMessage(String dataString, Message message, Channel channel) {
+        System.out.println("消费端接受消息：" + dataString);
+    }
+
+}
+```
+
+## 可靠性
+
+在Rabbi中队列和交换机都是持久化的，自动删除都是False。
+
+### 生产者确认
+
+**配置文件**
+
+```yaml
+rabbitmq:
+  host: ${bunny.rabbitmq.host}
+  port: ${bunny.rabbitmq.port}
+  username: ${bunny.rabbitmq.username}
+  password: ${bunny.rabbitmq.password}
+  virtual-host: ${bunny.rabbitmq.virtual-host}
+  publisher-confirm-type: correlated # 交换机确认
+  publisher-returns: true # 队列确认
+```
+
+#### RabbitMQ配置
+
+> [!NOTE]  
+> **@PostConstruct 注解**  
+> **作用**：在Bean依赖注入完成后执行初始化方法（构造器之后，`afterPropertiesSet()`之前）。  
+>
+> **特点**：  
+> - 方法需**无参**、返回**void**，名称任意  
+> - 执行顺序：构造器 → 依赖注入 → `@PostConstruct`  
+> - 若抛出异常，Bean创建会失败  
+>
+> **注意**：  
+> - 代理类（如`@Transactional`）中，会在**原始对象**初始化时调用  
+> - `prototype`作用域的Bean每次创建均会执行  
+> - 避免耗时操作，推荐轻量级初始化  
+>
+> **替代方案**：  
+> `InitializingBean`接口 或 `@Bean(initMethod="xxx")`  
+
+```java
+@Slf4j
+@Configuration
+@RequiredArgsConstructor
+public class RabbitConfiguration implements RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback, RabbitTemplate.ReturnsCallback {
+
+    private final RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
+
+    @PostConstruct
+    public void initRabbitTemplate() {
+        rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(this);
+        rabbitTemplate.setReturnsCallback(this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String cause) {
+        System.out.println("============correlationData <回调函数打印> = " + correlationData);
+        System.out.println("============ack <输出> = " + ack);
+        System.out.println("============cause <输出> = " + cause);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void returnedMessage(ReturnedMessage returnedMessage) {
+        // 发送到队列失败才会走这个
+        log.error("消息主体:{}", returnedMessage.getMessage().getBody());
+        log.error("应答码：{}", returnedMessage.getReplyCode());
+        log.error("消息使用的父交换机：{}", returnedMessage.getExchange());
+        log.error("消息使用的路由键：{}", returnedMessage.getRoutingKey());
+    }
+}
+```
+
+**测试失败的情况**
+
+交换机找不到
+
+```java
+/* 测试失败交换机的情况 */
+@Test
+void publishExchangeErrorTest() {
+    String exchangeDirect = RabbitMQMessageListenerConstants.EXCHANGE_DIRECT;
+    String routingKeyDirect = RabbitMQMessageListenerConstants.ROUTING_KEY_DIRECT;
+    rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeDirect, routingKeyDirect, "----失败的消息发送----");
+
+    Bunny bunny = Bunny.builder().rabbitName("Bunny").age(2).build();
+    rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeDirect + "~", routingKeyDirect, JSON.toJSONString(bunny));
+}
+```
+
+队列找不到
+
+```java
+/* 测试失败队列的情况 */
+@Test
+void publishQueueErrorTest() {
+    String exchangeDirect = RabbitMQMessageListenerConstants.EXCHANGE_DIRECT;
+    String routingKeyDirect = RabbitMQMessageListenerConstants.ROUTING_KEY_DIRECT;
+    rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeDirect, routingKeyDirect, "----失败的队列发送----");
+
+    Bunny bunny = Bunny.builder().rabbitName("Bunny").age(2).build();
+    rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeDirect, routingKeyDirect + "~", JSON.toJSONString(bunny));
+}
+```
+
+#### 备份交换机
+
+> [!NOTE]
+>
+> 创建好的交换机是无法修改的，只能删除重新建立。
+
+创建广播类型的交换机，因为没有路由键，只能通过广播的方式去找。
+
+![image-20250519104914787](./images/image-20250519104914787.png)
+
+创建与备份交换机的队列，交换机是广播的模式，不指定路由键。
+
+![image-20250519105042156](./images/image-20250519105042156.png)
+
+通过指定`Alternate exchange`的交换机进行绑定。第一个填写的不是备份交换机，是投递交换机，之后通过`Alternate exchange`绑定备份的交换机。
+
+![image-20250519105250365](./images/image-20250519105250365.png)
--- a/mq-demo/images/image-20250519104914787.png
+++ b/mq-demo/images/image-20250519104914787.png
--- a/mq-demo/images/image-20250519105042156.png
+++ b/mq-demo/images/image-20250519105042156.png
--- a/mq-demo/images/image-20250519105250365.png
+++ b/mq-demo/images/image-20250519105250365.png
--- a/mq-demo/push.sh
+++ b/mq-demo/push.sh
@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-git checkout master
-git merge dev
-git push --all
-git push --tags
-git checkout dev
--- a/mq-demo/src/main/resources/application.yaml
+++ b/mq-demo/src/main/resources/application.yaml
@ -13,11 +13,11 @@ spring:
    username: ${bunny.rabbitmq.username}
    password: ${bunny.rabbitmq.password}
    virtual-host: ${bunny.rabbitmq.virtual-host}
-    publisher-confirm-type: correlated # 交换机确认
-    publisher-returns: true # 队列确认
-    # listener:
-    #   simple:
-    #     acknowledge-mode: manual # 手动处理消息
+    # publisher-confirm-type: correlated # 交换机确认
+    # publisher-returns: true # 队列确认
+    listener:
+      simple:
+        acknowledge-mode: manual # 手动处理消息
    # connection-timeout: 1s # 设置MQ连接超时时间
    # template:
    #   retry:
--- a/mq-demo/src/main/resources/templates/index.html
+++ b/mq-demo/src/main/resources/templates/index.html
@ -147,7 +147,8 @@
        <p class="lead fs-4 mb-5">通过实践项目学习消息队列的核心概念与应用场景</p>
        <div class="d-flex justify-content-center gap-3">
            <a class="btn btn-light btn-lg px-4 py-2 fw-bold" href="#features">探索项目 <i class="bi bi-arrow-down"></i></a>
-            <a class="btn btn-outline-light btn-lg px-4 py-2 fw-bold" href="https://gitee.com/BunnyBoss/vue-tutorials_drools-tutorials/tree/master/mq-demo"
+            <a class="btn btn-outline-light btn-lg px-4 py-2 fw-bold"
+               href="https://gitee.com/BunnyBoss/vue-tutorials_drools-tutorials/tree/master/mq-demo"
               target="_blank">Gitee代码 <i
                    class="bi bi-git"></i></a>
        </div>
@ -291,60 +292,46 @@

    <div class="row mb-5">
        <div class="col-lg-6">
-            <h4><i class="bi bi-send me-2"></i>生产者配置</h4>
+            <h4><i class="bi bi-send me-2"></i>生产者示例</h4>
            <div class="code-example mt-3">
-                    <pre><code>@Configuration
-public class RabbitMQConfig {
+                    <pre><code>
+@Autowired
+private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

-    @Bean
-    public Queue helloQueue() {
-        return new Queue("hello", true);
-    }
+/* 测试发送消息 */
+@Test
+void publishTest() {
+    String exchangeDirect = RabbitMQMessageListenerConstants.EXCHANGE_DIRECT;
+    String routingKeyDirect = RabbitMQMessageListenerConstants.ROUTING_KEY_DIRECT;
+    rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeDirect, routingKeyDirect, "你好小球球~~~");

-    @Bean
-    public DirectExchange directExchange() {
-        return new DirectExchange("direct.exchange");
-    }
-
-    @Bean
-    public Binding binding(Queue helloQueue,
-                         DirectExchange directExchange) {
-        return BindingBuilder.bind(helloQueue)
-               .to(directExchange)
-               .with("routing.key");
-    }
+    Bunny bunny = Bunny.builder().rabbitName("Bunny").age(2).build();
+    rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeDirect, routingKeyDirect, JSON.toJSONString(bunny));
+}
 }</code></pre>
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="col-lg-6">
            <h4><i class="bi bi-receipt me-2"></i>消费者示例</h4>
            <div class="code-example mt-3">
-                    <pre><code>@Component
-@RabbitListener(queues = "hello")
-public class MessageConsumer {
-
-    private static final Logger logger =
-        LoggerFactory.getLogger(MessageConsumer.class);
-
-    @RabbitHandler
-    public void receive(String message,
-                      Channel channel,
-                      @Header(AmqpHeaders.DELIVERY_TAG) long tag) {
-        try {
-            logger.info("Received message: {}", message);
-            // 业务处理逻辑
-            channel.basicAck(tag, false);
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-            channel.basicNack(tag, false, true);
-        }
-    }
-}</code></pre>
+                    <pre><code>
+@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
+        exchange = @Exchange(value = EXCHANGE_DIRECT),
+        value = @Queue(value = QUEUE_NAME, durable = "true"),
+        key = ROUTING_KEY_DIRECT
+)
+)
+public void processMessage(String dataString, Message message, Channel channel) {
+    System.out.println("消费端接受消息：" + dataString);
+}
+                    </code></pre>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>

    <div class="text-center mt-4">
-        <a class="btn btn-primary btn-lg" href="https://gitee.com/BunnyBoss/vue-tutorials_drools-tutorials/tree/master/mq-demo"
+        <a class="btn btn-primary btn-lg"
+           href="https://gitee.com/BunnyBoss/vue-tutorials_drools-tutorials/tree/master/mq-demo"
           target="_blank">
            <i class="bi bi-git me-2"></i>查看完整代码
        </a>