169 lines
5.2 KiB
Markdown
169 lines
5.2 KiB
Markdown
# RabbitMQ
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## 基本示例
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**生产者**
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```java
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@SpringBootTest
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class MqDemoApplicationTests {
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@Autowired
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private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
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/**
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* 1. 测试发送消息，示例代码
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* 2. 测试成功的情况
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*/
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@Test
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void publishTest() {
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String exchangeDirect = RabbitMQMessageListenerConstants.EXCHANGE_DIRECT;
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String routingKeyDirect = RabbitMQMessageListenerConstants.ROUTING_KEY_DIRECT;
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rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeDirect, routingKeyDirect, "你好小球球~~~");
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Bunny bunny = Bunny.builder().rabbitName("Bunny").age(2).build();
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rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeDirect, routingKeyDirect, JSON.toJSONString(bunny));
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}
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}
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```
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**消费者**
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```java
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@Component
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@Slf4j
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public class MessageListenerOrder {
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@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
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exchange = @Exchange(value = EXCHANGE_DIRECT),
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value = @Queue(value = QUEUE_NAME, durable = "true"),
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key = ROUTING_KEY_DIRECT
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)
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)
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public void processMessage(String dataString, Message message, Channel channel) {
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System.out.println("消费端接受消息：" + dataString);
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}
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}
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```
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## 可靠性
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在Rabbi中队列和交换机都是持久化的，自动删除都是False。
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### 生产者确认
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**配置文件**
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```yaml
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rabbitmq:
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host: ${bunny.rabbitmq.host}
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port: ${bunny.rabbitmq.port}
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username: ${bunny.rabbitmq.username}
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password: ${bunny.rabbitmq.password}
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virtual-host: ${bunny.rabbitmq.virtual-host}
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publisher-confirm-type: correlated # 交换机确认
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publisher-returns: true # 队列确认
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```
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#### RabbitMQ配置
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> [!NOTE]
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> **@PostConstruct 注解**
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> **作用**：在Bean依赖注入完成后执行初始化方法（构造器之后，`afterPropertiesSet()`之前）。
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>
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> **特点**：
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> - 方法需**无参**、返回**void**，名称任意
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> - 执行顺序：构造器 → 依赖注入 → `@PostConstruct`
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> - 若抛出异常，Bean创建会失败
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>
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> **注意**：
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> - 代理类（如`@Transactional`）中，会在**原始对象**初始化时调用
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> - `prototype`作用域的Bean每次创建均会执行
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> - 避免耗时操作，推荐轻量级初始化
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>
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> **替代方案**：
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> `InitializingBean`接口 或 `@Bean(initMethod="xxx")`
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```java
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@Slf4j
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@Configuration
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@RequiredArgsConstructor
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public class RabbitConfiguration implements RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback, RabbitTemplate.ReturnsCallback {
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private final RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
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@PostConstruct
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public void initRabbitTemplate() {
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rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(this);
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rabbitTemplate.setReturnsCallback(this);
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}
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@Override
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public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String cause) {
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System.out.println("============correlationData <回调函数打印> = " + correlationData);
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System.out.println("============ack <输出> = " + ack);
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System.out.println("============cause <输出> = " + cause);
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}
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@Override
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public void returnedMessage(ReturnedMessage returnedMessage) {
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// 发送到队列失败才会走这个
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log.error("消息主体:{}", returnedMessage.getMessage().getBody());
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log.error("应答码：{}", returnedMessage.getReplyCode());
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log.error("消息使用的父交换机：{}", returnedMessage.getExchange());
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log.error("消息使用的路由键：{}", returnedMessage.getRoutingKey());
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}
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}
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```
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**测试失败的情况**
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交换机找不到
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```java
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/* 测试失败交换机的情况 */
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@Test
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void publishExchangeErrorTest() {
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String exchangeDirect = RabbitMQMessageListenerConstants.EXCHANGE_DIRECT;
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String routingKeyDirect = RabbitMQMessageListenerConstants.ROUTING_KEY_DIRECT;
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rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeDirect, routingKeyDirect, "----失败的消息发送----");
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Bunny bunny = Bunny.builder().rabbitName("Bunny").age(2).build();
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rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeDirect + "~", routingKeyDirect, JSON.toJSONString(bunny));
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}
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```
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队列找不到
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```java
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/* 测试失败队列的情况 */
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@Test
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void publishQueueErrorTest() {
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String exchangeDirect = RabbitMQMessageListenerConstants.EXCHANGE_DIRECT;
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String routingKeyDirect = RabbitMQMessageListenerConstants.ROUTING_KEY_DIRECT;
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rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeDirect, routingKeyDirect, "----失败的队列发送----");
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Bunny bunny = Bunny.builder().rabbitName("Bunny").age(2).build();
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rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeDirect, routingKeyDirect + "~", JSON.toJSONString(bunny));
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}
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```
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#### 备份交换机
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> [!NOTE]
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>
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> 创建好的交换机是无法修改的，只能删除重新建立。
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创建广播类型的交换机，因为没有路由键，只能通过广播的方式去找。
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创建与备份交换机的队列，交换机是广播的模式，不指定路由键。
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通过指定`Alternate exchange`的交换机进行绑定。第一个填写的不是备份交换机，是投递交换机，之后通过`Alternate exchange`绑定备份的交换机。
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