325 lines
9.0 KiB
Markdown
325 lines
9.0 KiB
Markdown
# 微服务
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## 环境搭建
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### Docker镜像源设置
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```bash
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# 创建目录
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sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
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# 写入配置文件
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sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
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{
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"registry-mirrors": [
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"https://docker-0.unsee.tech",
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"https://docker-cf.registry.cyou",
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"https://docker.1panel.live"
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]
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}
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EOF
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# 重启docker服务
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sudo systemctl daemon-reload && sudo systemctl restart docker
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```
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使用docker-compose有的时候会因为版本不同，但是配置文件主要内容就是这些。需要注意版本问题
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### 配置相关
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#### MySQL配置问题
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| **特性** | `**my.cnf**` | `**conf.d**` **目录** |
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|----------|:--------------------|:-------------------:|
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| **文件类型** | 单个文件 | 目录，包含多个 `.cnf` 文件 |
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| **配置方式** | 集中式配置 | 分布式配置 |
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| **优先级** | 高（覆盖 `conf.d` 中的配置） | 低（被 `my.cnf` 覆盖） |
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| **适用场景** | 全局配置，核心配置 | 模块化配置，便于扩展和维护 |
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#### MongoDB配置
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```bash
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sudo mkdir -p ~/docker/docker_data/mongo/conf
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sudo mkdir -p ~/docker/docker_data/mongo/logs
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sudo chmod 777 ~/docker/docker_data/mongo/logs
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sudo chmod 777 ~/docker/docker_data/mongo/conf
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cd ~/docker/docker_data/mongo/logs
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sudo touch mongod.log
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sudo chmod 777 mongod.log
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cd ~/docker/docker_data/mongo/conf
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sudo vim mongod.conf
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cd ~
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```
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##### 配置文件
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```bash
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# 数据库文件存储位置
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dbpath = /data/db
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# log文件存储位置
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logpath = /data/log/mongod.log
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# 使用追加的方式写日志
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logappend = true
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# 是否以守护进程方式运行
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# fork = true
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# 全部ip可以访问
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bind_ip = 0.0.0.0
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# 端口号
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port = 27017
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# 是否启用认证
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auth = true
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# 设置oplog的大小(MB)
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oplogSize=2048
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```
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##### 设置账户密码
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```shell
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#进入容器
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docker exec -it mongodb /bin/bash
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#进入mongodb shell
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mongosh --port 27017
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#切换到admin库
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use admin
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#创建账号/密码
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db.createUser({ user: 'admin', pwd: '02120212', roles: [ { role: "root", db: "admin" } ] });
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# db.createUser({ user: 'admin', pwd: '123456', roles: [ { role: "userAdminAnyDatabase", db: "admin" } ] });
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```
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### docker-compose.yml
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如果休要所有的微服务环境，可以直接复制下面的内容，看清楚目录是否和自己需要的一样。
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| 功能 | 旧版 (docker-compose) | 新版 (docker compose) |
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|--------------|-------------------------|-------------------------|
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| **启动服务** | docker-compose up -d | docker compose up -d |
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| **停止服务** | docker-compose down | docker compose down |
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| **查看日志** | docker-compose logs -f | docker compose logs -f |
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| **列出容器** | docker-compose ps | docker compose ps |
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| **停止不删除容器** | docker-compose stop | docker compose stop |
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| **启动已停止的容器** | docker-compose start | docker compose start |
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| **重启服务** | docker-compose restart | docker compose restart |
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| **构建镜像** | docker-compose build | docker compose build |
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```yaml
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name: cloud-services
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services:
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mysql:
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container_name: mysql_master
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image: mysql:8.0.33
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ports:
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- "3306:3306"
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environment:
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- MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456
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- TZ=Asia/Shanghai
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volumes:
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# - ~/docker/docker_data/mysql/mysql_master/etc/my.cnf:/etc/my.cnf # 如果需要创建配置文件
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- ~/docker/docker_data/mysql/mysql_master/etc/mysql:/etc/mysql/conf.d
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- ~/docker/docker_data/mysql/mysql_master/data:/var/lib/mysql
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- ~/docker/docker_data/mysql/mysql_master/backup:/backup
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command:
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- "--log-bin=mysql-bin"
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- "--server-id=1"
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- "--collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci"
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- "--character-set-server=utf8mb4"
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- "--lower-case-table-names=1"
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restart: always
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privileged: true
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networks:
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- cloud
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redis:
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container_name: redis_master
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image: redis:7.0.10
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ports:
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- "6379:6379"
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volumes:
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# - ~/docker/docker_data/redis_master/redis.conf:/etc/redis/redis.conf # 需要创建配置文件
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- ~/docker/docker_data/redis_master:/etc/redis # 之后要配置文件可以直接在这里创建 redis.conf
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- ~/docker/docker_data/redis_master/data:/data
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command:
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- "--appendonly yes"
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- "--daemonize no"
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- "--requirepass 123456"
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- "--tcp-keepalive 300"
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restart: always
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networks:
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- cloud
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minio:
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image: minio/minio
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container_name: minio_master
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ports:
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- "9000:9000"
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- "9090:9090"
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volumes:
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- ~/docker/docker_data/minio/data:/data
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environment:
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- MINIO_ROOT_USER=bunny
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- MINIO_ROOT_PASSWORD=02120212
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command: "server /data --console-address :9090"
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restart: always
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networks:
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- cloud
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mongodb:
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image: mongo:latest
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container_name: mongodb
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restart: always
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privileged: true
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ports:
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- "27017:27017"
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volumes:
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- ~/docker/docker_data/mongo/data:/data/db
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- ~/docker/docker_data/mongo/conf:/data/configdb
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- ~/docker/docker_data/mongo/logs:/data/log
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command: "mongod --config /data/configdb/mongod.conf"
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networks:
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- cloud
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rabbitmq:
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image: rabbitmq:management
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container_name: rabbitmq
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restart: unless-stopped
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ports:
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- "5672:5672"
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- "15672:15672"
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volumes:
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- ~/docker/docker_data/rabbitmq/data:/var/lib/rabbitmq
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- ~/docker/docker_data/rabbitmq/conf:/etc/rabbitmq
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- ~/docker/docker_data/rabbitmq/log:/var/log/rabbitmq
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environment:
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- RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER=admin
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- RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS=admin
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- RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_VHOST=/
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networks:
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- cloud
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nacos:
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image: nacos/nacos-server:v2.4.3
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container_name: nacos
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ports:
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- "8848:8848"
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- "9848:9848"
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environment:
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- MODE=standalone
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restart: always
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networks:
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- cloud
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sentinel:
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image: bladex/sentinel-dashboard:1.8.8
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container_name: sentinel
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ports:
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- "8858:8858"
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privileged: true
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restart: always
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networks:
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- cloud
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seata-server:
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image: apache/seata-server:2.3.0.jdk21
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container_name: seata-server
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ports:
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- "8091:8091"
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restart: always
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networks:
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- cloud
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networks: # 定义网络
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cloud: # 定义名为 auth 的网络
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name: cloud # 网络名称为 auth
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driver: bridge # 使用 bridge 驱动（默认）
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```
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## 注册中心
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### 服务发现
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发现服务信息。
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```java
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@SpringBootTest()
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public class DiscoveryTest {
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@Autowired
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private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;
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@Autowired
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private NacosDiscoveryClient nacosDiscoveryClient;
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@Test
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void discoveryClientTest() {
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for (String service : discoveryClient.getServices()) {
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System.out.println(service);
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for (ServiceInstance instance : discoveryClient.getInstances(service)) {
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System.out.println("IP地址：" + instance.getHost());
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System.out.println("端口号" + instance.getPort());
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}
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}
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System.out.println("----------------------------------------------");
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// 两个方式一样，DiscoveryClient 是 Spring自带的 NacosDiscoveryClient是 Nacos
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for (String service : nacosDiscoveryClient.getServices()) {
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System.out.println(service);
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for (ServiceInstance instance : nacosDiscoveryClient.getInstances(service)) {
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System.out.println("IP地址：" + instance.getHost());
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System.out.println("端口号" + instance.getPort());
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}
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}
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}
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}
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```
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### 远程调用
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订单模块调用远程商品模块，使用了nacos，可以使用`RestTemplate`，其中`RestTemplate`是线程安全的，只要注册一次全局都是可以使用。
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**RestTemplate源码**
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继承了`InterceptingHttpAccessor`，在`InterceptingHttpAccessor`中，使用了单例模式。
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```java
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public ClientHttpRequestFactory getRequestFactory() {
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List<ClientHttpRequestInterceptor> interceptors = this.getInterceptors();
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if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(interceptors)) {
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ClientHttpRequestFactory factory = this.interceptingRequestFactory;
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if (factory == null) {
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factory = new InterceptingClientHttpRequestFactory(super.getRequestFactory(), interceptors);
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this.interceptingRequestFactory = factory;
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}
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return factory;
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} else {
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return super.getRequestFactory();
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}
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}
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```
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**实现远程调用**
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如果我们的服务启动了多个，在下面代码中即使一个服务宕机也可以做到远程调用。
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```java
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private Product getProductFromRemote(Long productId) {
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// 获取商品服务所有及其的 IP+port
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List<ServiceInstance> instances = discoveryClient.getInstances("service-product");
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ServiceInstance instance = instances.get(0);
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// 远程URL
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String url = "http://" + instance.getHost() + ":" + instance.getPort() + "/api/product/" + productId;
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// 2. 远程发送请求
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log.info("远程调用：{}", url);
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return restTemplate.getForObject(url, Product.class);
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}
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```
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